Lean Proofs

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Lean Proofs

Index

  1. Natural Numbers
  2. Addition
    1. Commutativity
  3. Subtraction
  4. Multiplication
  5. Divisibility

Natural Numbers

inductive Nat
| zero : Nat
| succ (n : Nat) : Nat

open Nat

instance : has_zero Nat := zero
axiom zero_is_nat : zero = 0

instance : has_one Nat := succ zero
axiom one_is_nat : succ zero = 1

Addition

def add : Nat  Nat  Nat
| m 0 := m
| m (succ n) := succ (add m n)

instance : has_add Nat := add
axiom add_zero (m: Nat) : m + 0 = m
axiom add_succ (m n: Nat) : m + succ n = succ (m + n)

Lemma: Let $n \in \mathbb{N}$. Then $0 + n = n$.

lemma zero_add (n: Nat) : 0 + n = n :=
begin
induction n with k hk,
rw zero_is_nat,
rw add_zero,

rw add_succ,
rw hk,
end

Lemma: Let $n, m \in \mathbb{N}$. Then $S(n) + m = S(n + m)$.

lemma succ_add (n m: Nat) : (succ n) + m = succ (n + m) :=
begin
induction m with k hk,
rw zero_is_nat,
repeat {rw add_zero},

repeat {rw add_succ},
rw hk,
end

Commutativity

Lemma: Let $n, m \in \mathbb{N}$. Then $n + m = m + n$.

lemma add_commutativity (n m: Nat): n + m = m + n :=
begin
induction n with k hk,
rw zero_is_nat,
rw add_zero,
rw zero_add,

rw add_succ,
rw succ_add,
rw hk,
end

Subtraction

Truncated subtraction: if $n < m$ we assume $n = m = 0$.

def sub : Nat  Nat  Nat
  | (succ n) (succ m) := sub n m
  | n m := n

instance : has_sub Nat := sub

Multiplication

def mul : Nat  Nat  Nat
| m 0 := 0
| m (succ n) := m + (mul m n)

instance : has_mul Nat := mul

axiom mul_zero (n: Nat) : n * 0 = 0
axiom mul_succ (n m: Nat): m * (succ n) = m + (m * n)

Lemma: One is the identity element for multiplication

lemma one_mul (n: Nat) : 1 * n = n :=
begin
induction n with k hk,

-- base
rw zero_is_nat,
rw mul_zero,

-- step
rw mul_step,
rw hk,
rw one_is_nat,
rw add_commutativity,
rw add_succ,
rw zero_is_nat,
rw add_zero,

end

Divisibility

def dvd (a b : Nat) : Prop :=
   (c : Nat), b = a * c

instance : has_dvd Nat := dvd

Lemma: One divides every natural number

-- 1 | n is equivalent to dvd 1 n
-- which is equivalent to ∃ (c : Nat), n = 1 * c
theorem one_dvd_n (n : Nat) : 1  n :=
begin
use n,
rw one_mul,
end